A report by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (now the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) estimates that approximately one third of patients with dysphagia develop pneumonia and that 60,000 individuals die each year from such complications (Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1999). 13%–38% among elderly individuals who are living independently (Kawashima et al., 2004 Serra-Prat et al., 2011).Īdvanced age is a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia (Loeb et al., 1999).up to 68% for residents in long-term care settings (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, n.d.as high as 30% in elderly populations receiving inpatient medical treatment (Layne et al., 1989).Patel et al., 2018 Tibbling & Gustafsson, 1991) inpatients aged 45 years or older to as high as 22% in adults over 50 years of age (Lindgren & Janzon, 1991 National Foundation of Swallowing Disorders, n.d. Conservative estimates suggest that dysphagia rates may be Dysphagia cuts across so many diseases and age groups that its true prevalence in adult populations is not fully known and is often underestimated.Ī number of epidemiologic reports indicate that the prevalence of dysphagia is more common among older individuals and that sarcopenia is positively associated with dysphagia (Barczi et al., 2000 Bhattacharyya, 2014 Bloem et al., 1990 Cabré et al., 2014 Roden & Altman, 2013 Sura et al., 2012 Zhao et al., 2018). Prevalence refers to the number of people who are living with dysphagia in a given time period.Įach year, approximately one in 25 adults will experience a swallowing problem in the United States (Bhattacharyya, 2014). Incidence refers to the number of new cases of dysphagia identified in a specified time period. Dysphagia intervention may concentrate on swallowing exercises, compensatory swallowing strategies (including posture considerations), bolus consistency modification, and caregiver/patient education. SLPs also recognize causes and signs/symptoms of esophageal dysphagia and make appropriate referrals for its diagnosis and management. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are the preferred providers of dysphagia services and are integral members of an interprofessional team to diagnose and manage oral and pharyngeal dysphagia. Dysphagia may increase caregiver costs and burden and may require significant lifestyle alterations for the patient and the patient’s family. Adults with dysphagia may also experience disinterest, reduced enjoyment, embarrassment, and/or isolation related to eating or drinking. Consequences of dysphagia include malnutrition and dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, compromised general health, chronic lung disease, choking, and even death. See the Dysphagia Evidence Map for summaries of the available research on this topic.ĭysphagia is a swallowing disorder involving the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, or gastroesophageal junction. The scope of this page is swallowing disorders in adults (18+).
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